Civil War: The Second Revolution Essay

The Civil War is one of the most integral events in American history. It was responsible in shaping the United States to its present political and social structure. It is definitely a war, but can it be considered as the country’s second revolution? Indeed, it is. This essay aims to discuss how and why the Civil War is the second revolution, and whether the Reconstruction was a failure or success of that revolution. A political revolution is distinguished by the significant changes that occur within the societal structure (Andrain 187). To differentiate it from rebellion or coup d’etat, there are three things to consider in a revolution: the goals of the revolution, the means to achieve their goals, and the results or consequences of the revolution (Andrain 187). Most revolutionaries have a similar objective: to alter or modify the present system of society and politics (Andrain 187). A revolution often seeks to replace the old order with a new one that would cater to the interests of the revolutionaries. The Civil War initially arose from the differences between the North and South (Perry 507). The North was the region known for trade and manufacturing, while the South was known for agriculture. Both regions also differed in their stand on tariffs. The North favored tariffs because these gave them an advantage over foreign competition. On the other hand, the South resisted tariffs, as it caused an increase in the prices of the commodities it imported. Unlike the North which can manufacture all their needs, the agricultural South was dependent on imports (Perry 507). However, the primary reason why the Civil War occurred was slavery (Perry 507). The South considered slavery as a necessity. Being an agricultural region, it needed manpower for the plantation and harvest of crops, especially corn (Gallagher 1). That manpower was provided by the slaves. On the other hand, the North called for slavery to be abolished in the entire country (Perry 507). The South was most threatened upon the 1860 victory of Abraham Lincoln in the presidential elections (Perry 507). Abraham Lincoln was the candidate of the Republican Party, which was dedicated to the abolition of the slavery (Perry 507). When Lincoln won, the South knew that their interests would be in danger under his administration. Thus, they sought a new order upon which their interests would be protected. A revolution starts with the effort of the revolutionaries to attain government control (Andrain 187). In this case, the Southerners were the revolutionaries, and secession was the means in which the goals of the revolution can be met. The Southern states seceded from the Union governed by Lincoln and formed their own government, the Confederate States of America (Perry 507). The South also installed Jefferson Davis as head of the Confederacy (Perry 507). Lincoln did not want to wage war against the Confederacy; however, he wanted to preserve the Union as well (Perry 507). The Confederacy, on the other hand, wanted to be independent from the Union (Gallagher 5). The revolutionaries fired at Fort Sumter to force the Union to fight, and upon Lincoln’s call for the defense of the Union, the revolution was in full swing (Perry 507). The Civil War was a second revolution because it sought to make changes within American society. The goal of the Southern revolutionaries was to gain independence from the Union to prevent slavery from being abolished. The means in which they started a revolution was through secession. However, the effects of the revolution can be assessed through the discussion of the Reconstruction. The Reconstruction is the period in U. S. history that succeeds the Civil War (Benedict 108). It is the period in which the nation was in the process of rebuilding after the damages caused by the war (Kolchin 1). Because it occurred after the war, it became an appropriate measure as to whether or not the second revolution was successful. The Reconstruction was actually a reflection of the failure of the second revolution. To begin with, the Confederacy failed to gain their independence. In fact, the Reconstruction was the time in which those states which seceded would be readmitted in the Union (Benedict 108). The very states that wanted to be independent from the Union found themselves in a struggle to be readmitted again. Thus, the second revolution was a failure. The revolution occurred because of the conflict over slavery. However, the revolutionaries also did not succeed in preserving it. Even before the war ended, there was already the Emancipation Proclamation, which sought to free the slaves in the Confederate states (Perry 508). By the time the Reconstruction was underway, the abolition of slavery became final with the ratification of the 13th Amendment (Kolchin 1). The amendment proceeded from the Emancipation Proclamation, but its scope was wider as it abolished slavery in the entire United States (Kolchin 1). The Reconstruction period proved to be difficult for the Southern states. There were two kinds of reconstruction: the presidential and the congressional. Lincoln hoped to establish governments in the former Confederate states that were governed by the Union (Benedict 108). The appointed governors would be called to establish a new state government when ten percent of those who voted in the presidential election in 1860 would pledge loyalty to the Union (Benedict 108). Unfortunately, Lincoln was assassinated and Andrew Johnson took over the Reconstruction (Benedict 109). This is called the presidential reconstruction. Johnson employed an easier approach for the Southern states to be readmitted into the Union, but the Republicans disagreed. As the forerunners of the congressional reconstruction, the Republicans wanted to give the former Confederate states a difficult time into readmission because they almost caused the demise of the Union. In addition, the plan of Johnson did not take into consideration the rights of the African-Americans, which the Republicans strongly prompted (Benedict 109). As a result, the revolutionaries were caught between the struggle to be readmitted into the Union and the difficulties of dealing with a Congress dominated by Republicans. In addition, the former revolutionaries were exposed to a radical reconstruction (Benedict 109). They became victims of the dominance of the Republicans in the South, which eventually led to the increase in taxes and the prevalence of corruption in state governments. The Southerners soon despised the system of racial equality that was furthered during the Reconstruction, and had to resort to means to intimidate the African-Americans. This meant using force through organizations like the Ku Klux Klan (Benedict 109). The Civil War can be considered as a second revolution because it sought to change the old order of society and politics. The Southern revolutionaries wanted to retain slavery, so they seceded from the Union in hopes of achieving this goal. They wanted to be an independent state wherein slavery is allowed to continue. Nonetheless, they failed in their attempt to gain independence; they also failed to preserve the institution of slavery. The Reconstruction was a reflection of this, as the former revolutionaries sought to be readmitted to the Union they seceded from. Moreover, the road to readmission was tedious and filled with conflict, as the former revolutionary states had to struggle with the plans of reconstruction of both the president and Congress. Hence, the second revolution which is the American Civil War is a failure, and the Reconstruction reflected this defeat. Works Cited Andrain, Charles F. â€Å"Revolution. † Lexicon Universal Encyclopedia. 21 vols. New York: Lexicon Publications, Inc., 1992. Benedict, Michael Les. â€Å"Reconstruction. † Lexicon Universal Encyclopedia. 21 vols. New York: Lexicon Publications, Inc. , 1992. Gallagher, Gary. â€Å"American Civil War. † Microsoft Encarta Online Encyclopedia. 2007. 25 April 2008 . Kolchin, Peter. â€Å"Reconstruction (U. S. history). † Microsoft Encarta Online Encyclopedia. 2007. 25 April 2008 . Perry, Marvin. A History of the World. Massachusetts: Houghton Mifflin, 1989.

An Analytical Response to the 1978 film, F. I. S. T. Essay

The plot of the film basically revolve around the life of a worker who desperately seeks a better and a more comfortable life by working hard in a very low-paying job with a management who imposes very harsh and unjust rules and guidelines. The story also deals with the struggles of the workers to earn respect and the right and fair kind of treatment they deserve. The plot centers on the life and struggles of Johnny Kovac’s character which was played by Sylvester Stallone. The character was portrayed as a willful trucker who decided to join the Federation of Interstate Truckers (FIST) to fight and campaign for just treatments among all the country’s truckers like him (â€Å"F. I. S. T. 1987†). Through out the story, Kovac was challenged by a lot of more powerful individual since he was seen as a very strong threat to their deceptive intentions. He also received a lot of threats and physical tortures since he was actually fighting very powerful people. But despite all these challenges, Kovac was nevertheless able to prove that he is stronger than anyone who opposes his intentions to uplift the lives of simple truckers who just deserve fair treatment from their superiors. This was the major conflict and drive of the story. Kovac, as the main protagonist both serves as a hero and the base character of the story where all the other conflicts and highlights are based from. The story emphasized on Kovac’s principles and his efforts of fighting for their rights as truckers. Kovac and all the other characters in the story were portrayed to be simple and typical people with whom, viewers can easily empathize. However, his defeat and death at the end has put a rather distressing and saddening effect to the story. II. Issues The story was basically about the lives and struggles of truckers. Just like other workers, truckers have rights and privileges that they can demand from their superiors. However in this movie, the workers were rather treated unjustly by the management. They were given inadequate compensation and several unfair rules and regulations have been imposed on them. Kovac, as a trucker himself stood up and fought for his principles and afterwards fought for the influence of the labor union, FIST, which he became part of. The movie had a particular emphasis on the laborer’s rights and privileges. The unjust treatments to these workers portrayed in the film are one manifestation that in the real world, this undeserved treatment is also observable. Through the depiction of this issue it can be implied that some capitalist may really have been so fed up by their wealth that they forget that there are still other important things to consider aside from getting richer and this is the welfare of their workers. And because of this issue, the characters of the movie can be observed to seek for their rights and privileges in a rather aggressive way because of the unpleasant manner their company has used to treat them. The issues were basically about, (1) what implications can unjust treatment and deprivation of privileges causes workers; and (2) how well do labor unions actually help in eliminating the hostile relationships between workers and companies. And because this issue has been depicted to have taken all the patience of the workers, some of them have even developed stronger sense of selfishness and greed. Some also developed greed towards money. Kovac on the other hand became more and more obsessed of recruiting for member to join FIST since he wanted his mission and his intention to voice out the wants of the workers to be accomplished as early as he can. These implications may in some ways appear similar to the effects of unjust treatments to laborers people experience in real life. Just like in this film, people may indeed grow hostile and aggressive once their rights and privileges will be deprived of them. But nonetheless, if there is one lesson that this movie was able to send out, it is the fact that it is never just and acceptable to fight for one’s principle in destructive ways. III. Discussion In several ways, this movie appears to carry considerable significance to the real occurrences of unjust treatment among workers in the society. In real life, these incidents are undeniable that is why unions exist. However, the arguable thing is this movie is that Kovac and his other colleagues appeared to fight for what they believe in rather hostile and destructive ways which only made the situations worse. Aside from this, a lot of characters were also depicted to be deceived by wealth and power which made them turn their . backs to their moral perspectives. Thus, this can be considered as one of the moral threats unjust treatments can really cause an individual. In its entirety, the movie appears to be a total representation what goes on in a union and how its members fight for what they believe in. But what appears to be an upsetting and disturbing part of the story is the aggression and immorality which brought about . worse situations and events. IV. Opinion Truly, every person in this world deserved fair treatment as every person deserves equal rights and privileges as well. In a company, the relationship of the executive management to the workers can be considered very crucial. In order to form a pleasant relationship between these two, each party must respect and provide the deserved treatment and benefit of the other party. Because once this rule is broken, hostility might definitely spark which will eventually form an unpleasant relationship between the workers and the management. Personally, I think the movie had an interesting inspiration; however, the real message was not that effectively sent out to the viewers because of the distractions that came from all the unnecessary actions and violence portrayed in the film. But nonetheless, I see this film as a good depiction of how worse a situation may get once a worker’s rights and privileges be unjustly deprived from him or her. Works Cited â€Å"F. I. S. T. (1987): Plot Summary. † The Internet Movie Database. IMDb. com. (n. d. ). (14 May 2009). . F. I. S. T. Dir: Norman Jewinson. Writer: Joe Eszterhas and Sylvester Stallone. Cast: Sylvester Stallone, Rod Steiger, Peter Boyle, Melinda Dillon, David Huffman, Kevin Conway and Tony Lo Bianco. Chateau Productions, 1987.

Why didn't the member states of the EU (European Union) simply create Essay

Why didn't the member states of the EU (European Union) simply create a United States of Europe after the Second World War - Essay Example By the time the war had finished, much of the continent lay in ruins. How was Europe to rebuild? This was a question on many peoples' lips after 1945. Some thought a massive federalist state, similar to the United States was the solution. Europeans could pool their wealth and have a single government. That idea fizzled. There was still too much distrust in the immediate post-war period for a United States of Europe to be created. What Europe chose to do instead was slowly, piece by piece, assemble a common market that would eventually keep the door open to a more federalist option some time in the future. Although some Europeans would have liked to have seen a federalist state in the aftermath of the war, there was simply too much distrust. On top of that, foreign armies occupied much of Germany. Each European countries priority was the rebuild itself before engaging on any political or economic experiment. The British scholar Alan Milward argues that the EC's founding fathers intend ed for their states to maintain sovereignty in the system. They did not want a federalist state. They felt that they should bind themselves together not to create a super-state but to compete in the international economy. In a sense, the initial institutions of the EC were designed to preserve national autonomy. As Dr. Milward said in his book The European Rescue of the Nation-State, "The reinvigorated nation-state had to choose the surrender of a degree of national sovereignty to sustain its reassertion . . .† (Milward 1992). The truth is that the people of Europe at this stage were still too nationalistic. They had survived a war that had hammered home their national identities. The heroes of the various resistance movements had all represented pure national ideals, and these men and women were heroes well into the 1950s. The truth is that the founding fathers of the EU were looking to maximize their trading power, not their political power. They wanted to regionalize Europe , not turn it into the United States. Over the years, regionalization has done a great deal to improve business productivity. It has generate wealth and been responsible for a great deal of social development. The leaders of the EU/EC were right to pursue it as the same can be said of the economic integration accomplished by Europe over the last twenty years. The comparative advantages Europe possesses were then main thing to be exploited, not the creation of a superstate (Case 1999). What a single country can do well, it often can do better with the help of its neighbours and friends. But there is much to be said for an integration that stops just short of federalism: this kind of integration is not just about economics: it is also about the cultural and social shifts that follow in the way of reducing tariffs, striking down boundaries and easing travel and communication. You do not need a federal state to do all of this, many Europeans believe. It is possible to create something d ifferent. That was the Europe many were satisfied with up until the 1990s. But then the push came for political reforms and more power being centralized in Britain. In a sense this was a betrayal of the founding father who always say a role for autonomous states at the heart of Europe. They did not want to create a United States of Europe and they knew that over-reach or excessive expansion can cause serious problems to under-developed institutions (Duff 2009). Changes involving integration need time. Today, as the EU looks to its frontiers, the temptation to expand is still there, but patience is need (Kaid 2008). The gains made by economic integration have worked wonders to increase economic integration, but they also bring risks which need to be considered too by policymakers. The United States of

Life Expectancy differs with the Environment Essay

Life Expectancy differs with the Environment - Essay Example In this respect, it means that individual life expectancies should be obtained in order to obtain their mean or average. Life expectancy of an individual can be established at birth when the age is 0 and assuming that the person is going to live for a given numer of years, ?. The life expectancy of an individual who will leave for ? years depend on the life probability at time t for the individual surviving from the 0 age to age ? (the highest age attained). Therefore, life expectancy at birth is a function of the age at that time and the highest age likely to be attained, which is illustrated as ; where L ­e is the life expectancy at a particular age, x, and it is a function of O age and time, t. Based on the fact that life expectancy of an individual is a function of current age and the time he/she is likely to leave, the formula for life expectancy of an individual is as follows; In the above function, is the lifetable probability that the individual in question at time t will s urvive from birth to age a, and attain the highest possible age, ?. This is the formula for calculating the life expectancy of an individual at birth to a given age and possible the highest attained age. As will become apparent at the end of this study, life expectancy differs across different countries. At the same time, there is a clear difference between life expectancy levels of both males and females5. The differences in these two instances are caused by the same factors. The most significant factors are herewith discussed6. One of the most cited factors are differences in socioeconomic status. Most countries and individuals in these countries are at different economic stages. Some are more economically disadvantaged than others. It has been found... As will become apparent at the end of this study, life expectancy differs across different countries. At the same time, there is a clear difference between life expectancy levels of both males and females . The differences in these two instances are caused by the same factors. The most significant factors are herewith discussed . One of the most cited factors are differences in socioeconomic status.   Most countries and individuals in these countries are at different economic stages. Some are more economically disadvantaged than others. It has been found that individuals or countries that have historically been economically disadvantaged, exhibited by such factors as unequal access to educational and occupational opportunity have   lower life expectancies .   This is because disadvantages often mean that these individuals cannot access important opportunities, such as employer-based health insurance and thus high mortality rates. Lastly, economically challenged countries or ind ividuals have   prevalence of diseases a factor which increases mortality rates reducing life expectancy. In most studies, it has also become quite apparent that there is a clear variation in life expectancy arising from gender differences. As will be seen in subsequent representations, at every age, females have a higher life expectancy level than males. The biological explanation is founded on the premise that females have a physiological advantage that translates to higher longevity. Each of these explanations has evidence supporting their positions.

The Art of William T. Turman Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Art of William T. Turman - Essay Example He left a legacy in his visual arts, and up-to-date his paints are broadly distributed in the U.S., many areas within ISU, and other institutions such as John Herron Art Institute, Indian Art Club, Swope Art Museum, homes, and libraries. He was a son of Perlina Wible Turman and Return Jonathan who offered him outstanding parental support. Today, many people renowned William as the pioneer from, which Turman Township, Turman’s Fort, Turman Prairie, and Turman Creek were named. His value of painting cannot be estimated as it continues to escalate in most institutions. After securing a strong education background in art at the Pennsylvania University, he was known for his extreme modesty and was elected as the leader of Penmanship Department, currently known as Indiana State University. With deep roots in art, the artist inspires many young artists with his paintings that clarify the impact of his work in the local culture. This essay seeks to discuss William T Turman visual arts and in doing, will provide criticism and historical, culture, and biographical information about his work. In their article, Sworp Art Museum provides biographical information about Turman’s art that records how he began his artwork. As stated, Turman instigated training in art at the Art Institute of Chicago and Chicago Academy. From 1941-1957, he served as the president of the Swope Art Museum where his paintings were emulated. Some criticizes the artist’s indistinct landscapes of Brown country with scenic sites within Wabash Valley, which some regard it be plain in content. However, one can affirm that Turman created great insights on his artwork when he painted an oil landscape of a Jewel Pool that made him awarded for his expertise of documenting the region’s people, landscape, and history as outlined in the following exhibition. â€Å"William Thomas Turman (Graysville, Indiana 1867 - 1960 Taft, California),  Jewel Pool  (detail), oil on paperboard, 1 945, Bequest of Beatrice W. Sayer, 1997.03† Retrieved from http://www.swope.org/upcoming/the-art-of-william-t-turman/ As indicated, the diagram is landscape of a jewel pool painted by oil on paperboard in 1945, and submitted to Bequest of Beatrice Sayer in 1997. Later, he exhibited most of his works in various institutions such as John Herron Art Institute, Indiana Art Club, Swope Art Museum, and Hoosier Salon among others. Though his works are mostly in private collection, there are those in public buildings such as Columbia City, Turman Township High School, and Jasonville just to name a few. The exhibition was extensively inspired by his travelling that favored his subject in artwork. In honour of his work, Turman’s exhibitions explore more on culture as the artist indicate his deep roots of different areas in painting. Turman acknowledged the importance of majoring in culture as a potential tool to capture many to his painting. In this case, some of his painting maj ors in culture in the sense that the artist uses different styles such as landscape, rivers, and paintings. As a consequence, it revealed his expertise in art as he identified applicable styles that attracted many to his drawings. Turman relied on these styles for inspiration in his paintings that appealed beautifully printed and designed. His collection elaborated writing and poetry language that revealed on culture and history. His use of a wide range of styles with an absolute absence of description linearity presented him with an honorary acknowledgement as the â€Å"The Dean of Wabash Valley Artists† (Sworp Art Museum 1). This created a remarkable reputation in his art to the extent, the art gallery ascertained in 1939 in the building at Indiana State Teachers college, named â€Å"Turman Hall†

Miyazakis Animations and the Japanese Culture Essay

Miyazakis Animations and the Japanese Culture - Essay Example This essay stresses that the contemporary society does not embody any relationship between financial independence and the spirits. Contextually, many people engage in modern jobs to earn money and not to pursue their dreams. As opposed to the ancient Japan where people engaged in work and believed in spirits as the ones that provide and help in their various life instances. This paper makes a conclusion that the Japanese society had a matriarchal system where women could take control of family structures and various relationships in the family. However, the gender and gender roles gradually changed due to modernization and Westernization influenced by the Second World War, Western culture, and advancements made in technology. Through Miyazaki, a renowned film director in Japan, the Japanese Society received various works that enhanced the shift of gender roles. Miyazaki’s personal psyche had a great impact on his animation career and bring about a positive influence on the shift evidenced in the Japanese shift regarding gender roles. Kiki’s Delivery Services forms a basis for the shift of gender roles seen in Japan through Miyazaki’s contributions. Confucianism in the ancient Japan accelerated the change of gender roles since the Japanese copied the modern cultures from China and Korea. Therefore, Hayao Miyazaki makes a considerable contribution toward the changing of culture in Japan through his Kiki’s Delivery Service, his personal psyche and commitment to the animation industry.

Other Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Other - Assignment Example Macro decisions may be applied to save his or her life as the law allows. The macro decisions also reflect on the government decision on health related measures despite being controversial in majority of the counties. Secondly, law regulates is a regulatory strategy that is used in most instances like in statutory language which is used in authorizing payments for hospitals. In addition, they determine the kind of systems that are incorporated within the health care system, and which are beneficial to consumer health care. An example the system includes the Medicare regulated reimbursement that a health consumer is entitled to receive. Thirdly, the administrative procedure act which acts to clarify and direct different implementations with the health care centers and towards consumer health. The act is responsible for the numerous implementations like the Medicare and Medicaid that adds value to consumer health. In addition, the act ensures that laws for those who implement and those who are governed by the measures are effective and adhered to (Institute of Medicine (U.S.)., 2003). 2. Determine if there have been mergers or closing of hospitals in your area in the last several years (anywhere in the U.S) explain those closing/mergers in the context of the materials. In my area, hospitals are merging with the intent of increasing their productivity towards consumer health. This has caused us heavily because of the increased cost of Medicare services offered by this merged hospitals. However, it is noted that the merged hospitals provide quality care and increased savings as patients are correctly diagnosed and treated before their conditions worsens. Most hospitals in my area that have merged have done due to fear of not surviving independently. They believe that by merging, resources are pooled together thus quality of services offered at the merged center is improved. Thus, merging expands and increases the utilization of hospitals in my area by increasing th e diversity of the services offered. Most hospitals that are merging in my area are taken over by larger hospitals who posses the potential to improve the equipments and services offered by purchasing new products and employing more and qualified staff to serve patients suffering from different ailments (Kaplan, 2000). 3. Select a health care market and describe how it deviates from the perfectly competitive model and recommend policies that could repair the deviation(s) from completion you identified. The free health care market deviates from the perfectly competitive model due to the numerous government interventions. When the government interferes with the free health market then resources are not accurately allocated due to biasness. Some of its rules and regulations are also not conducive for perfectly competitive model because health resources are allocated optimally. The government in most cases deems a free health care market not to be suitable to an ideal health care system as it is not sufficient enough to allocate the health care resources adequately. To stop the government from interfering in the free health care market, I will recommend the free markets to form a law that determines the level to which they can allow the government to interfere in their activities. This is because the government does not create free markets, but they have the

The Purpose of Religion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The Purpose of Religion - Essay Example It is hard to find out the essence of the religion, but it is rather interesting to make an attempt to interpret its meaning and purpose for people. Further discussion is limited by terms of Abrahamic religions and Dharma religions. But before we start our discussion, it is interesting to discuss the role and purpose of religion as a universal phenomenon. For the majority of people, religion was invented for intimidation of people, their self-organization. Basically, religion is a limiting factor of our lives. Still, an initial intention of religion should not be sought in its purpose to oppress people, because the core issue of religion is enlightenment and steering people onto the right path. Therefore, it is better to consider the purpose of religion from a more humane perspective. Religion facilitates our physical pain and spiritual wanderings; our grief and sorrow are diminished once we appeal for God. Moreover, we often go to church looking for redemption. Our daily blames and faults are facilitated in church or even when we appeal for God inside of us. When we think that God has forgiven our faults us, we feel much better. What is even more interesting is that through redemption we transform our faults and sins in our strengths. Thus, the purpose of religion is to assist us in our lives, to help and save our souls from grief and sorrow. Religion makes our lives better for sure. It is necessary not to look for its essence, but just believe in God and salvation. Abrahamic vs Dharmic religions Still, why do not all people believe in one God? Or maybe we believe in one God, but it has different appearances? The emergence of different religions is the reflection of the na tions’ peculiarities. Every nation wants to believe in the most appropriate spiritual power for them. People look for a spiritual contact between God and an individual in the religion. Thus, it is necessary to take into account individual’s peculiarities before creating the most ideal God for oneself. A split of religion into Abrahamic religions (Christianity, Islam and Judaism) and Dharmic religions (Buddhism, Hindu) is the reflection of historical worldview of Western and Eastern people (Rue, 2005).  Ã‚   These religions are united by faith in one God. For Christians, it is Jesus Christ, for Judaists, Abraham is One God, for Islamists, Muhammad is a prophet who is the messenger of God’s counsel.  Ã‚  There are three different Holy Books, these religions are followed: Bible for Christians, Torah for Judaists and Quran for Islamists. In contrast to Abrahamic religions, Buddhism and modern Hinduism are both post-Vedic religions (Rue, 2005). Gautama Buddha is the central Divine in Hinduism and Buddhism. There are constant arguing between Hindus and Buddhists. The latter underline that during the time of Buddha there was no such thing as Hinduism; the former do not intend to separate Hinduism from Buddhism.  Ã‚  The main intention for Buddhist and Hindus is to find out an internal harmony, to establish inner peaceful relation between a body and a soul. This religions propagate a self-breeding, a self-perfection: "We are the causes of our own suffering"; "Think about your life" etc (Rue 2005, p. 43). As far as we can see, the main emphasis in these religions is made not on God, but on individual’s work for self-perfection. Moreover, a central concept for both Hinduism and Buddhism is â€Å"Karma†. Nothing depends on a man; everything is predetermined. A man should be a peaceful, pacified creature, who is able to follow Divines leading him to enlightenment and bringing him closer to spiritual world of Divines. The main argum ents of Christianity differ from these

Evaluate and Recommend Advertising Media Options Essay

Evaluate and Recommend Advertising Media Options - Essay Example The assignment will also include advantages and disadvantages of different advertising media options. Identification of target market for the product, ideal communication media, and suggestions for marketing will also be included in the assignment. There are certain advantages and disadvantages of using different advertisement media options. Every option offers some advantages and disadvantages both. The table below will include pros and cons of using four advertisement media options like television, billboard, internet, and sponsorships. The organization under discussion is a fast moving consumer goods company that has been in the market for many years. The company has recently launched its anti germ hand washing product. The aim of the product launch is to cater to the needs of health cautious people, and therefore health safety will constitute a major theme in the marketing communication of the company. The main target market for this anti germ or anti bacterial hand wash is young children and teenagers. Parents and older people are also a major target market for the product. The target audience for this hand wash is health cautious people who want to make sure that they are germ free. This is why younger generation and middle aged men and women are the main target market. Also old people are also careful about their health and this is why they are also identified as a major target market for the product. Young women, who are mainly concerned for their skin beauty, are excluded from the target market for this product. The first advantage of using television is wider reach of the media because many people across the region watch television. The second advantage is the ease with which local audience can be targeted (Pleshette, 2012). The third advantage is attractiveness of the media. The fourth advantage is the ease with which effectiveness of the media can be measured. The fifth advantage is catering to different sets of target

Marketing Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 6500 words

Marketing - Term Paper Example The main strength of the Wild planet is the quality and the product pricing. All the products of the Wild Planet’s are tested several times before they come to the market for sales. The internal strength of the company is the idea generation team. They have a tremendous branding and marketing strategies which attract the kids as well the parents towards the brand. Mattel: Mattel is the market leader in the United States. While the Mattel acquired the third largest toy manufacturing company Tyco Toys Inc in 1996, the company became extremely confident over the future performance. The Barbie and the Hot Wheels are the two show stoppers in the toy market. However, the companies combined sales represented only 19 percent of the total American Toy market. (Snyder, 2002, p 14) The Mattel Inc is a giant company in the toy industry. It is rated as the biggest toymakers in the world. The main strengths are the two brands and they are the Barbie and Hot Wheels. The company’s sales are being driven by these two brands. However, Soul Mate is in manufacturing innovative toys and they don’t manufacture small scale models of cars. Mattel is a threat to any toy manufacturing company as the deep financial pockets can allow them to buy any company in the toy industry. Mattel is a big company with a global exposure. However in the United States kids are boarded with the same old Barbie and Hot Wheels cars and may be that is the reason it contributes only 19 percent in the total sales of toys in United States. The new product idea is not that strong. From the above analysis it is very clear that the Wild Planet is the main competitor for the company. To differentiate soul Mate from its competitor it is very vital to understand the strength and weakness of the competitor. The business strategy of the Soul Mate and that of the Wild Planet is more or less same. The Wild Planet sells the innovative toys like Soul Mate and some of their products are Spy gadgets, Spy

Dramatic irony Essay Example for Free

Dramatic irony Essay (Act 3, scene 3, line 135): I think thou dost; and for I thou rt full of love and honesty †¢This is ironic because Othello thinks Iago is a honest man when in reality Iago is scheming against him Foreshadowing Act 3, scene 3, line 100- 103): Excellent wretch! Perdition catch my soul †¢This line foreshadows bad events that will happen if Othello falls out of love with Desdemona. Symbol:  Handkerchief:symbolizes Desdemona and Othellos bond and marriage and once it is lost we see that their marriage is coming apart. Paradox  (Act 3, scene 3, line 202): Poor and content is rich, and rich enough †¢In this quote Iago is comforting Othello with a paradox after Iago arouses Othellos suspisious of Desdemona being unfaithful. Hubris  (Act 3, scene 3, line 314): tis the plague of great ones †¢In this line Othello is being very hubris because he is basically say that great people have to suffer more than average people. He is showing his big ego and is using it to convince himself why Desdemona would be unfaithful to him (Act 3, scene 3, line 406): Pride, pomp and circumstance of glorious war! †¢In this quote Othello is talking about his position as a general, and how since Desdemona cheated on him that everything he had is now gone. Metaphors  (Act 3, scene 3, line 441- 445): Her name, that was as fresh as dians visage, is now begrimed and black †¢This line is a metaphor because Othello basically saying the Desdemonas repuation was as white as snow. (Act 3, scene 3, line 514-517): Never, Iago.Like to the Pontic Sea, Whose icy current. †¢This line is a metaphor because Othello is saying that is rage or violent thoughts are flowing like a river. Allusions: (Act 3, scene 3, line 442): As Dians visage †¢Othello is making reference to the goddess of chasity

Analysis Of A Book By Ray Bradbury

Analysis Of A Book By Ray Bradbury Fahrenheit 451, by Ray Bradbury, is a novel which invokes much thought about the way we live in society today. Through the protagonist, Guy Montag, Bradbury makes a wider point about the dangers that a divided society can present. In the novel, Bradbury creates a society in which all books and free thought are forbidden. It is clear to us that books are seen to be the source of all unhappiness and should therefore be prohibited. As a fireman, it is Montags job, not to put out fires, as is the case in todays society but instead to create fires in order to dispose of all unwanted books. This creates an idea of dystopia by the government trying to please everyone by using censorship to limit peoples independence and free thinking. As the novel progresses we see Montag move through a series of vital changes, seeing him transform from a mindless drone, happy to do whatever anyone tells him to, into a free-thinking member of society, forming a resistance against a government set to destroy all free thought. In order to determine the effectiveness of Bradburys portrayal of the changes in Montag, it is necessary to examine the points in the novel which are, in my opinion, the most significant in Montags transformation. At the start of the novel, we are introduced to the protagonist, Guy Montag, who is characterised by Bradbury as a Fireman with no purpose in life. Montag is one of the destructive forces in society who destroys books and also independence. Montag seems to take happiness in what he does and he seems to have no purpose in life apart from burning books. Montag seems completely content with his position in life, with no want to alter himself as a person and happy with what he does for society. Throughout the novel, Bradbury describes the fire as beautiful. His hands were the hands of some great conductor playing all the symphonies of blazing and burning Bradbury is using the motif of Montags hands to show us that Montag sees fire,his creation, to be a thing of great beauty, in the same sense that a conductor sees the music as a work of art. Montag sees himself as an artist creating a thing of pure magnificence in the fire. Bradbury further stresses Montags opinion of fire by using a key metaphor. He strode in a swarm of fireflies In using this metaphor, Bradbury creates the image of the fragments of past books being fireflies. Fireflies are creatures that bring light to darkness. This acts as an effective link to Montags view of fire as a thing of beauty. Fireflies also possess a certain aura of magic and mystery creating an almost serene beauty. To Montag, things that are alight become beautiful and so the sparks of the fire are seen as beautiful. This helps to emphasise the satisfaction Montag takes in his work. The following stages of the novel reveal an unusual feeling. At this point we are introduced to Clarisse, an innocent teenage girl with a boundless curiosity who does not follow the trend and who acts as a catalyst, speeding up Montags change. The world that she lives in has not ruined her and therefore she seems to possess a sense of purity. She seems to be at the opposite end of the spectrum to Montag. The world Montag lives in has transformed him into an incurious human being with no notion to question anything. His lack of independence only seems to add to this characterisation by Bradbury. Clarisse plays an essential part in Montags change. She plants a seed of realisation in Montags mind, speeding up what would only have been a very gradual process. She asks him questions that are meant to make him think on a deeper level, something that he is unaccustomed to. Are you happy Montag is taken-aback by this question and reacts by saying Yeah Sure. However, as I mentioned before, this question was meant to make him think on a deeper, more personal level. What Clarisse is in actual fact asking Montag is whether his life is fulfilled and has a purpose or a meaning. The events that follow this conversation between the two reveal to us that Montag is not in fact happy. The suicide of a book lover is used by Bradbury to bring to light Montags curiosity surrounding the world of books. The book lover refuses to be separated from her way of life and her culture. She feels that she would rather die than leave her culture behind. We shall this day light a candle as I trust shall never be put out This statement is intended to promote a revolution. By adopting the role of a martyr, the book lover dying for that which she believes in, ultimately in the hope that others will follow and a revolution shall be sparked. Bradbury is alluding to the 16th century witch trials at this point in the novel. This allusion is relevant as those thought to have been witches were burnt. They died in unity with their love of their crafts. Those who burnt them did so in an attempt to discourage further acts. This is relevant to the book lover as she was burnt for her love of reading, something that they were trying very hard to discourage. The ownership of books has been made illegal by the government in this novel as has free thinking behaviour. Bradburys allusion to the witch trials at this stage reflects back to a period in our history in which we too criminalised people who, in our eyes, seemed different. His mention of such a horrific example of injustice merely makes stronger the idea of the sheer scale of the persecution that this book lover and many others face. As Montag is burning the books which he has been sent to destroy, the reader is given an insight into the nature of his act. A book alighted, almost obediently, like a white pigeon, in his hands, wings fluttering Bradburys use of the idea of Montags hands acting for themselves charts the different stages in Montags transformation. At first, his hands are used to create things of beauty, whereas at this stage they seem to possess a life of their own, seemingly reaching out for books sub-consciously. This clearly reveals his curiosity for books that his outer self doesnt wish him to read. When Montag meets Faber, further change begins to occur. Faber is an old man whose passion for books has been extinguished. In his opinion, it is those who did not speak up against the movement of book burning who are to blame for the current situation. If he had acted when the change was occurring, he believes that , as before, others would have followed his act up by doing the same. Faber encourages Montags individuality and reveals to him the fact that he must learn to think for himself and not let himself be ruled by anyone else. It is his intention to show Montag that the answer is not always obvious and that he must always be acting on his own ideas. Remember Caesar, thou art mortal Bradbury makes this intertextual reference to Julius Caesar to illustrate Fabers warning against Montags overconfidence. Caesar was a Roman emperor and tyrant who put himself above his country in the same way as the government does in this novel. This comparison between the government and Caesar strongly shows how Bradbury feels about the governments actions. In this novel, the idea of censorship is used to convey how through restriction of free-thought, whole societies can implode. At this point in the novel, Montag seems not to be fully changed and therefore he begins to take on Fabers personality as well as his own. Say Yes' His mouth moved like Fabers Yes Bradbury clearly reveals that Montag is not capable of fully acting for himself. Montag finds himself at a moral crossroads; following Faber or following Beatty (his captain). By following Beatty, he would continue to pursue the ignorance is bliss approach. It would be an easy life to follow Beatty but his life would never be properly fulfilled and he would have no sense of individuality or purpose. If he chooses to unite with Faber and pursue a common goal, the dream of a fulfilled life, then he would become one of a similarly directed minority, fighting against the majority for what they believe in. After choosing to unite with Faber, Montag burns his own house while Beatty watches. By doing this, he seems to be burning away a part of his life that he wants to forget. In his view, the house represents this period of his life that he does not want to be part of any more. By burning it all, it is made clear to the reader that he has moved on with his life. The sheer ferocity with which he acts illustrates that he wants to burn everything, right down to the minutest thing that reminds him of his previous self. Bradburys language in this stage in the novel is similar to that at the start of the novel. However, here Bradbury is illustrating that Montag has changed. His pleasure is now drawn from burning those items that he hates the most. Once again it was a pleasure to burn Here, Bradbury is telling us that Montag is again taking pleasure from burning things but, rather than being the mindless drone that he was at the start of the novel, he takes this pleasure as is he realises that burning the things that he hates the most, he can burn away his life preceeding this and start a new life. Bradburys use of symbolism to represent the river merely emphasises Montags change. As Montag passes through the water we are led to believe that he is being baptised, being reborn and separated from his past life. Montag has a sudden realisation that time is always passing and that the sun will always rise and set. This brings him to the conclusion that life is limited and that if he burns things, this combines with the suns burning to destroy everything good in life leaving only a shell behind. He was not empty. There was more than enough here to fill him. There would always be more than enough At this point Montags change is illustrated. He was previously empty and yet now his curiosity of the world around him and the world of books has filled him with a constant flow of thought, enough to fill him for an eternity. Upon leaving the river he realises the promise of a fulfilled life. This commits Montag to finding that which makes him truly happy. He meets Grainger, a fellow outcast, who is part of a group of men who memorise books in order to read extracts to the others in time of need. You are the book of Ecclesiastes Montag has memorised the Book of Ecclesiastes before it is burnt and therefore becomes the book, ready to be called upon whenever he is needed. This gives his life a meaning and purpose showing that he has finally found his own self-importance. In the closing stages of Fahrenheit 451, Bradbury compares society to the phoenix, a bird that can be reborn from its own ashes. Montag is also similar to the phoenix in this way as he has risen from the depths of his own destruction. Society does likewise as it creates wars which destroy things, but out of the ashes it rebuilds itself. Human society can be superior to the phoenix as it can learn from its mistakes and avoid destruction. In this novel, society seems to be so badly damaged that ironically the only way that it can rebuild itself is to be destroyed. By doing this Bradbury tells us that if we learn from our mistakes before it is too late, there need be no more destruction. To conclude, Montag is successfully portrayed by Bradbury through his clever use of imagery, symbolism and characterisaton. Bradbury refers to fire to convey Montags initial feelings toward it in the opening stages of the novel. This shows Montags lack of change. However, following his meeting with Clarisse, Montag begins to question his own life and kick-start his own change through Bradburys word choice. After the suicide of a book lover, Bradburys references to earlier periods illustrate the importance of books in todays society. Within the rebirth stage, the river is used as a symbol to convey Montags total change. This only has the effect of emphasising the fact that the society in the novel is a utilitarian one. He follows to tell how bringing happiness to the greatest number of people does not always mean that they have the right idea. In this novel, Bradbury acts as the voice of the minority. He tells us that our individuality sets us apart from anyone else and that our diffe rences should be acted upon and not suppressed.

Brownfield Land Redevelopment

Brownfield Land Redevelopment Recently brownfield sites have become popular due to the serious deficiency in the number of greenfield spaces on hand for development. This is more prominent in the built up areas where the demand for residential and commercial property is elevated. In 2008 the UK set a target for brownfield developments. 60% of all new houses were to be built on brownfield sites. Records show that we have already exceeded that target and with the rate that we are reclaiming brownfield sites at present we should significantly raise that percentage over the coming decade. The uses for brownfield sites are not restricted to residential and commercial buildings. They are often considered for redevelopment into open spaces for recreation, woodland and various other community related areas. Reclaiming brownfield sites is at the heart of the UK Sustainable Development Strategy. This Development Strategy incorporates an extensive collection of economic, social and environmental objectives. Brownfield redevelopment cleans up environmental health hazards and eyesores and in doing so it promotes community growth and regeneration. Managed effectively as a sustainable redevelopment scheme, Brownfield sites provide affordable housing, encourage economic growth through locally sourced materials nurturing local business and trades, protect local wildlife and provide environmentally safe areas for families to enjoy. Furthermore, redevelopment of brownfield sites can give an area a make-over and can help send a message to the locality indicating the importance of preservation and recycling. 2.0 Brownfield Land Redevelopment Steps Now that the land has been chosen for the proposed development, a large sports centre within a small town in Scotland, it is important to establish whether or not the Brownfield site in question is suitable for such a development. The proposed site will involve the demolition of an existing building. Therefore all planning laws must be adhered to and the local planning authorities must be notified in writing outlining the intentions for the proposed site. This is important as special licences are required to reclaim Brownfield sites. There are a number of tests and studies that must be carried out in order to obtain the required information to determine the extent of the decontamination measures required to prepare the site. 2.1 Demolition and Recycling Existing Building On-Site In order to maximise the sustainability of the development it is important to identify, separate and eliminate all hazardous materials from the demolished waste. Furthermore any recyclables such as masonry rubble and other materials should be extracted from the demolition waste and can be used in the concrete / asphalt or paved areas around the site. This promotes sustainable development by contributing to the government sustainability objectives of prudent use of natural resources and protection of the environment. Using low embodied building materials reduces the CO2 emissions during the construction process and also has a positive effect on the cost of the entire project as less waste is sent to expensive landfill. There are a number of companies within the UK that specialise in construction and demolition waste recycling and disposal. These companies work closely with Site Waste Management Plans ensuring that only hazardous materials are disposed of and everything recyclable is reused. 2.2 Identification of Hazardous Materials A large number of materials are involved in any build, therefore, when a building is being demolished it is important to identify these hazardous materials and dispose of them safely so that they do not become a danger to anybody else in the future. The building on the proposed site is a 150 year old derelict masonry building. The existing building is to be demolished and any suitable recyclables are to be used in constructing the new sports centre and any concrete / asphalt or paved areas around the site. In order to identify the various materials it is important to put a sorting plan in place. This will ensure only recyclable materials get reused and all hazardous materials are disposed of appropriately. The history of the building plays a key part in the types of hazardous materials that can be expected to be found within the building. From the period the building was built a suitably qualified professional can conclude that the building shell itself will contribute various hazardous materials to the list for safe disposal. These are likely to include asbestos, insulation materials, foams containing CFCs (Chlorofluorocarbons) that are harmful to the O-Zone layer, roofing felts and bitumen. An engineer will also look into the space within the building to determine what hazardous materials may have been associated with the various uses of the building. The derelict building in question was originally used as a textile factory and later a furniture factory. This would indicate that hazardous materials such as varnishes, glues, sealants, resin-based floorings and wood treated with chemicals or preservatives may be present from that period of the buildings lifetime. In recent decades the building was used as a truck repair shop. This might suggest that there may be some contamination from oil or lubricants, petroleum and any spillage from car / truck batteries. It is very important to test for the presence of these substances and more as identifying the presence of hazardous material is the first step to decontaminating the site. 2.3 Further Investigation Following investigation into the building to be demolished, tests must be carried out on the condition of the soil around the site. It is important to note that all Brownfield site redevelopments come hand in hand with strict environmental issues. As a result it is recommended that an appropriately experienced environmental consultant is used. The environmental consultant will have background knowledge of Brownfield developments and will adequately investigate any environmental risks. Firstly they will undertake a desk top review of the proposed site by gathering all historical information available. This may relate to former quarrying or landfill in the area. Secondly they will prepare an environmental assessment report. Contained within this report will be the results from extensive testing for hazardous compounds within the soil, ground water and surface water. If the findings of the report are positive and support redevelopment on the site, the next step is remediation and elimination of hazardous materials. 2.4 Remediation / Elimination of Hazardous Materials Now that the various hazardous materials have been identified, it is time to categorize and divide them so that they can be safely disposed of. This is whats known as remediation. The demolition of the building itself should be the final step when clearing the site. Initially the building should be stripped down with careful consideration given to how each material is classed and whether it can be recycled or disposed of. This includes all loose material, fixtures, fittings, windows, doors, heating and electrical systems and roofing. Once this has been categorized and divided all that should be left is the building skeleton and foundations for safe demolition Up until a few years ago remediation of Brownfield sites was an expensive process. However, recent new remediation technologies have emerged and are cheaper than the more traditional methods. They include: Bioremediation This utilises the natural processes of indigenous bacteria, microorganisms, plants, enzymes and fungi to destroy or neutralise toxins and contaminants. Phytoremediation This process uses plants. The can store contaminants in their leaves and stems (bioaccumulation). Some contaminants such as heavy metals can be harvested and mined for reuse (phytomining). In-Situ Chemical Oxidation This process injects oxygen or chemical oxidants into the contaminated soil or water to destroy harmful compounds. 2.5 Recycling Masonry Rubble With a project like this there is serious demand for concrete / asphalt and pavements around the development. Fortunately with the demolition of the existing derelict masonry building, a lot of the requirements can be met using recycled masonry rubble from the existing building. When using recycled masonry rubble from demolitions such as this it is important to ensure that the rubble is free from contaminants. Once this is done, the rubble is then graded into aggregates. This is a simple process that involves sieve like machines that vibrate, separating the various sized aggregates and compiling them with aggregate material of similar sizes. The aggregates can then be used in various locations around the site depending on their size and classification. It is important to note that the quality of recycled masonry rubble meets the requirement for use in constructing roads. Strenuous testing and categorizing is required on the aggregates that are intended for concrete use within the building in order to ensure the consistency is sufficient. Lightweight aggregate does not meet requirements for use as a secondary concrete aggregate as the majority of masonry materials are too soft and will adversely affect the strength of concrete products. 2.6 Access Roads and Pavements The existing building will have a number of access roads already in place. These roads will have to be excavated and in keeping with the sustainable design of the proposed building and use of recycle materials in the new build it is only fitting that the excavated asphalt should also be recycled and form part of the new access roads and pavements around the site. The manufacture of asphalt it a very energy expensive process as the materials involved must be heated to very high temperatures in order to mix together. Therefore, the use of recycled asphalt for road toppings around the site will have a cost benefit to the project as well as a positive impact on the environment. 3.0 Proposed Sports Centre Complex The proposed sports centre will be built using low embodied, recycled materials where possible paying particular attention to the energy performance of the building. The building design will take passive solar heating into consideration with cleverly positioned windows and landscaping throughout the site providing adequate shelter from the elements during the winter months. Sourcing materials locally cuts down on transport costs over large distances. This automatically reduces carbon emissions and also supports the local industry ensuring jobs and community growth. This will be a key component in the sustainable building of the proposed sports centre. 3.1 Foundations The best foundation for the proposed sports centre is a raft foundation. Due to the size and scale of the proposed build a raft foundation will allow the weight of the building to be transferred to the ground over a greater area and also provide a level surface for which to build upon. It is important that there is adequate steel reinforcement in the concrete to combat ground movement. When the recycled masonry rubble is graded into aggregates, some of these aggregates will be suitable for use in the concrete raft foundation. Recycled concrete aggregates can replace up to 20% of virgin aggregate in concrete within the provisions set out in BS 8500-2. 3.2 Structural Framing / Building Skeleton The most efficient way to build the proposed sports centre building is using a steel framed construction. The steel structure would meet the spatial requirements of the main sports hall, high ceilings with long spans and column free space to accommodate an indoor football pitch or basketball court. Recycled steel would be appropriate here as steel can be used countless times with no negative affects to its strength or performance. 3.3 Wall Build-Up Once the foundations and steel structure are in place it is time to think about the external wall build up. Given the intended use of the sports hall it is important to use a material that will not only be sustainable in its construction and hard wearing but also have an acoustic quality as the noise generated within the sports hall when its occupied will be of an elevated nature and could disrupt the surrounding public. There is a wide array of products available such as concrete blocks with 50% coarse aggregates replaced with plastic while still providing adequate strenght but all things considered, I would suggest an aerated concrete block. These are among the most environmentally friendly building products available. They are formed from recycled materials. One of which is Pulverised Fuel Ash (PFA), this is an unavoidable by-product of the coal-fired power generation process which is normally stockpiled in huge unsightly mounds or is dumped at sea. Further enhancing the sustainability of this product is the fact that no material goes to waste, anything left over when a batch is made automatically goes into the next mix. Also due to the lightweight of the material, more can be loaded onto a single lorry reducing the CO2 emissions produced in transport and speeding up construction. The cavity should be 100mm partially filled with natural wool insulation or a similar approved natural insulation or recycled insulation system. The external face of the building should be clad with recycled bricks tied back to the internal leaf with acoustically approved wall ties. 3.4 Floor Build-Up Each area of the sports centre will require a different finish depending on the proposed use. The reception for instance will need to provide a warm and welcoming atmosphere, this can be achieved using carpet. Recycled carpet is available, this is formed from recycled material such as plastic, wool, cotton or nylon and laid on a recycled rubber underlay. The rubber could be derived from any scrap tyres remaining on the site from the truck repair shop. The changing rooms will require a hard floor which is impervious to water. Many green options are available such as recycled ceramic floor tiles and eco-friendly rubber floor tiles. A study should be undertaken of the business in the area in order to decide which material is easiest to obtain with the pursuit of sustainability in mind. If there is a quarry nearby it might be an idea to investigate stone as a possible material for the flooring in hard wearing areas. Stone has a natural, timeless beauty and a feeling of solid quality which is hard to match with any other type of material. Unfortunately due to the costs associated with stone it may not be a plausible material as it is by no means the cheapest type of flooring to install or maintain. The flooring in the sports hall is a specific type of flooring material. It has a number of functional requirements associated with it. It must be durable, smooth and slightly soft to prevent serious injury. An ideal surface therefore, would be a rubber based surface which can be formed from any scrap tyres found on the site. This is a cost beneficial process as it is a sustainable use for the waste rubber meaning it is not necessary to pay for the safe disposal of the unused tyres. The recycled rubber surface should then sit on some rigid insulation such as woodwool, mineral./rock wool or expanded or extruded polystyrene to increase the thermal performance. 3.5 Roof Construction For the proposed sport centre i would suggest a green roof. A Green Roof is a roof that has a vegetated covering planted over a waterproofing membrane. The roof consists of various layers, each with its own function. The various layers cater for drainage, moisture, root protection and filtering. Green roofs have many benefits over traditional or conventional roofs. They offer a longer roof life span, increased acoustic performance, improved thermal performance in the winter and heat shielding in the summer and as they are living organisms they retain and store 90% of rain and storm water and return it to the atmosphere by means of evaporation. 3.6 Energy Performance of the Building A key feature of this building is the excessive use of recycled and sustainable materials in the construction. This has a positive effect on the environment ensuring minimal CO2 emissions are generated in the manufacture of the materials. This is an admirable practice and it sends a clear message to developers that the use of recyclables can have beneficial implementations for both the project budget and also the environment. It is important to maintain this objective throughout the buildings lifetime. This can be done by implementing micro renewable technologies during the construction process. A building of this scale is often associated with large energy bills. With the prices of oil escalating and the UKs dependency on fossil fuels at a peak, it is vital that this building incorporates as many micro renewable technologies as possible in order to drive the running costs down to a manageable level. I would strongly suggest the use of solar photovoltaic cells (PV) and wind turbines to generate electricity along with wood fuelled boilers (biomass) connected to a central heating system as the most relevant micro generation technologies that a building of this nature could benefit from. 4.0 Sustainable Urban Drainage Systems 4.1 Introduction to SUDS Sustainable urban drainage systems are a new environmentally friendly way of dealing with surface water run-off. Traditional drainage schemes lead to flooding, cause pollution and are generally more expensive to install. Surface water no longer has the opportunity to soak into the ground, instead it is collected in a network of pipes along with any contaminants such as oil, solid matter or toxic metals it may pick up along the way and it is discharged into the nearest rivers or streams. Sustainable urban drainage systems replicate natural drainage methods. Water run-off is collected and stored to allow natural cleaning to occur prior to infiltration or controlled release to watercourses. As a result they prevent pollution, control flooding, recharge ground water in the natural water table and enhance the environment. There are for main design options. These are: Filter Strips and Swales Filter Drains and Permeable Surfaces Infiltration Devices Basins and Ponds It is important to note that depending on the required performance of the sustainable urban drainage system, a combination of two or more design options may need to be incorporated in order to achieve a suitable drainage solution. 4.2 Filter Strips and Swales Filter strips and swales are vegetated surface features that drain water evenly off impermeable areas. Swales are long shallow channels whilst filter strips are gently sloping areas of ground. 4.3 Filter Drains and Permeable Surfaces Filter drains and permeable surfaces are devices that have a volume of permeable material below ground to store surface water. Water run-off flows to a storage area via a permeable surface such as gravelled paving areas or solid paving blocks with gaps between the individual units. When the water falls it passes through the surface to the permeable fill in the filter drain. This then allows the storage, treatment, transport and infiltration of the water resulting in clean uncontaminated water being returned to ground. 4.4 Infiltration Devices Infiltration devices drain water directly into the ground. They may be used either at source or alternatively the runoff can be conveyed in a pipe or swale to the infiltration area. They include soakaways, infiltration trenches and infiltration basins as well as swales, filter drains and ponds. Infiltration devices can be integrated into and form part of the landscaped areas. 4.5 Basins and Ponds Basins and ponds store water at the ground surface, either as temporary flooding of dry basins and flood plains, or permanent ponds. These structures can be designed to manage water quantity and quality. 4.6 Benefits of Sustainable Urban Drainage Systems There are a number of benefits to installing a sustainable drainage system as opposed to a traditional / conventional system. For example the cost of connecting to storm sewers and public drains is avoided and maintenance is simple and cheap. Maintenance can be carried out by landscaping contractors without the need of skilled engineers and heavy machinery. When clean filtrated water is distributed back to the site it gives the natural vegetation a chance to thrive and can create a very pleasant environment for everyone to enjoy. 4.7 Proposed Sustainable Urban Drainage System A sports centre will require a number of hard surfaces to cater for car parking. I would suggest using solid paving blocks for the surface in the car parking areas. A gap must be left between each block allowing water to filter through to an under the surface storage drain which runs to a designated area such as a vegetated or green area. This rainfall run-off precaution must be implemented in the initial design stage. I would also suggest soak holes / soakaways around the site to filter any water collected in downpipes around the building. With the current climate that we live in it has to be expected that substantial rain will fall each year. As such, a well designed sustainable drainage system can minimise flooding and any inconvenience that may be caused during times of high rain fall. 5.0 Conclusion The aim of the brief for this report was to critically analyze and evaluate the possibilities of redevelopment on a brownfield site with the demolition of an existing derelict masonry industrial building and the construction of a new sports centre utilising as many of the recycled materials from the demolition as possible. I approached this project somewhat blind with my basic knowledge of brownfield redevelopment. After researching the topic further I discovered all the environmental benefits surrounding brownfield redevelopment. With the declining availability of greenfield sites and the growing need for housing and community growth, brownfield redevelopment has got to be at the top of the list where possible in order to preserve what natural areas are left. Furthermore building on brownfield sites removes unsightly and often dangerous derelict buildings and gives local areas a chance to regenerate and create a new image. Decontaminating brownfield sites in a specialised task but the removal of hazardous materials makes it a safer environment for all concerned. Luckily new techniques for remediation of contaminated sites have made it cheaper. This can be appetising for potential developers looking to expand their property portfolio and as a result it can have a knock on effect within a community generating jobs and business for local trade. The brief stated that materials from the demolition of the existing masonry industrial building must be recycled and used in the construction of the new sport centre. When the list of materials that could be recycled in the existing building was broken down, it was found that almost everything could contribute in some way to the new build. This impacts on the budget for the project and in keeping with the UKs carbon emission reduction targets subsequently cuts down on any CO2 emissions that would have been produced in the manufacture of virgin material. The use of micro-technologies would fit in well with the overall idea of a sports centre as in my opinion a sports centre implies health and wellbeing which can be related back to the terms clean and green energy associated with these methods and the environment. The implementation of Sustainable Urban Drainage Systems permits the safe return of clean irrigated water back to the soil. The benefits of cost and minimal maintenance alone speak for themselves. With four main design options available I feel it is important to include at least one system as a drainage solution on sites such as this within small towns in order to preserve the local wildlife and allow vegetation to thrive free from water pollution. All in all i feel that this project were it to be undertake would be very feasible. Most of the costs for would come from decontaminating the site. The build itself would prove to be cheaper with recycled materials already available on-site and given the nature of the proposed sports centre I would not foresee any issues with the local community as it will provide a safe location for children and adults alike to hang out. The sustainable nature of the proposed build also indicates that this building is embracing plans to move forward into a greener future and it may set a precedent for future green development within the area. 6.0 References Brown, G., (24th September 2007). Gordon Browns First Speech to the Labour Conference as Party Leader. Available from: http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk_politics/7010664.stm [Accessed xx September 2009] Department of Energy and Climate Change. Low Carbon Building Program, Biomass. Available from: http://www.lowcarbonbuildings.org.uk/micro/biomass/ [Accessed xx September 2009] Department of Energy and Climate Change. Low Carbon Building Program, Ground Source Heat Pumps. Available from: http://www.lowcarbonbuildings.org.uk/micro/ground/ [Accessed xx September 2009] Department of Energy and Climate Change. Low Carbon Building Program, Solar PV. Available from: http://www.lowcarbonbuildings.org.uk/micro/solarpv/ [Accessed xx September 2009] Department of Energy and Climate Change. Low Carbon Building Program, Solar Hot Water. Available from: http://www.lowcarbonbuildings.org.uk/micro/solartherm/ [Accessed xx September 2009] Department of Energy and Climate Change. Low Carbon Building Program, Small Scale Hydro. Available from: http://www.lowcarbonbuildings.org.uk/micro/hydro/ [Accessed xx September 2009] Department of Energy and Climate Change. Low Carbon Building Program, Wind Turbines. Available from: http://www.lowcarbonbuildings.org.uk/micro/wind/ [Accessed xx September 2009] Department for Environment Food and Rural Affairs. The Environment Waste and Recycling What Happens to Waste Construction Waste. Available from: http://www.defra.gov.uk/environment/waste/topics/construction/ [Accessed xx September 2009] Kelly, R., (13th September 2006). Zero-Carbon Homes Plan Unveiled. Available from: http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sci/tech/6176229.stm [Accessed xx September 2009] Lomas, J., (13th December 2007). Public Service Review: Transport, Local Government and The Regions Issue 11. Creating Zero-Carbon Communities. Available from: http://www.publicservice.co.uk/article.asp?publication=Transport,%20Local%20Government%20and%20the%20Regionsid=293content_name=Social%20Housing%20and%20Construction%20incorporating%20The%20Carbon%20Challengearticle=8879 [Accessed xx September 2009] Lomas, J., (13th December 2007). Public Service Review: Central Government Issue 15. Meeting the Challenge. Available from: http://www.publicservice.co.uk/article.asp?publication=Central%20Governmentid=287content_name=Sustainable%20Housing%20and%20Regenerationarticle=8680 [Accessed xx September 2009] New Forest Transition, (October 2009). Interesting in Generating Your Own Energy?. Available from: http://www.newforesttransition.org/index.php?/archives/2009/10/12.html [Accessed xx September 2009] Sheffield City Council. Sustainable Housing Code For Sustainable Homes. Available from: http://www.sheffield.gov.uk/?pgid=67894fs=b [Accessed xx September 2009] Sustainable Build. Types of Construction, Wood Frame Construction. Available from: http://www.sustainablebuild.co.uk/ConstructionWoodFrame.html [Accessed xx September 2009]

Farewell to Manzanar Essay example -- essays papers

Farewell to Manzanar Fighting a war against the oppression and persecution of a people, how hypocritical of the American government to harass and punish those based on their heritage. Magnifying the already existing dilemma of discrimination, the bombing of Pearl Harbor introduced Japanese-Americans to the harsh and unjust treatment they were forced to confront for a lifetime to come. Wakatsuki Ko, after thirty-five years of residence in the United States, was still prevented by law from becoming an American citizen. Denied citizenship by the United States, a man without a country, he was tormented and interrogated by the government based on this reality, labeled a â€Å"disloyal† citizen to the U.S. Severing Ko from the remainder of his family, the FBI detained as many as 1370 Japanese-Americans, classifying them as â€Å"dangerous enemy aliens.† As much as a year would pass before he would see his family again, joining them at Manzanar, a concentration camp. Forced to destroy all memoirs of his Japanese heritage, fearful such things would allude to Japanese allegiance, Ko no lo...

Free Hamlet Essays: The Foils :: GCSE English Literature Coursework

Foils of Hamlet  Ã‚   Hamlet is a play about a young man who is seeking revenge for his father's death. In the process of doing so, different things happen and it becomes more and more of a complex plot. Throughout the play, we are introduced to many different foils. One of which is Laertes. Shakespeare chooses to portray Hamlet and Laertes differently although they are both so similar. Hamlet and Laertes are all in basically the same position. Both of their fathers have been killed and they are both looking to avenge those fathers' deaths. However, we see when we are reading that some characters are set up so that they gain more sympathy and such than others from the reader. For example, Shakespeare makes Laertes look like a "bad guy" because he wants to kill Hamlet but in essence, Hamlet is doing the same exact thing to Claudius. It is as if Shakespeare is saying that it is okay for Hamlet to kill but it isn't ok for Laertes to feel the need for revenge. Hamlet begins a soliloquy with the line, "How all occasions do inform against me and spur my dull revenge!" (Act IV, sc. IV, li. 32-33) It is like Shakespeare is trying to make it look like it is such a shame the Hamlet's plans aren't working out so well and that he isn't as stable as he wants to be. It is almost like Shakespeare wants to reader to take pity on Hamlet who is not such a genuine person. He has killed Polonius and some say he has killed Ophelia. Should people really pity him because his plans to kill his uncle aren't falling correctly into place? Shakespeare is almost trying to get the reader to do so. On the other hand, there is Laertes who is Hamlet's position. His father was killed, actually by Hamlet, and he is out to avenge that death. He is furious and passionate about it just like Hamlet is but it almost seems that when one is reading the play, they should think of Laertes as a "bad guy" and as the antagonist. Laertes says "It warms the very sickness in my heart that I shall live and tell him to his teeth, "thus did'st thou." (Act. IV sc.VII. li. 55-57) He is basically saying that he would make him so happy to kill Hamlet and to show his what he really did.

Ian van Eyck Essay -- essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Jan van Eyck was a master in style and symbolism, establishing a firm superiority in glaze technique and delicately and elaborately applying subtle, yet powerful religious references to what at first glance may seem simple portraits.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Van Eyck’s drawing, Saint Barbara, completed in 1437, is an example of the artist’s use of fictional exotic or Romanesque style structures, suggestive of those from the Old Testament. (p.99 textbook) Other symbolism includes the walled city that resembles a ziggurat, and on the church, the three windows on the second level, feature the Trinity, the symbolism of their octagonal structure, and baptism.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Use of religious symbolism can be traced in other Van Eyck works. Madonna in the Church, a panel dating to around 1437-38, uses light to represent Mary’s purity and purpose. â€Å"She is the brightness of eternal light and the unspotted mirror of God’s majesty.† This was a passage from the Book of Wisdom and can be found inscribed on Mary’s red dress. (p. 100) Additionally, due to the unusual size of Madonna in her setting, Van Eyck has represented Mary as the church, not simply in the church.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Since Madonna and the Christ child in an â€Å"ecclesiastical or domestic setting† was a favorite theme of Van Eyck, it is possible to note a trend in his work. (p.102 textbook) Madonna and Child with Saints Michael and Catherine, a 1437 panel, depicts...

Ignou Mba

ASSIGNMENT Course Code :MS-7 Course Title : Information Systems for Managers Assignment Code : MS-07/TMA/SEM-I/2013 Coverage :All Blocks Note : Attempt all the questions and submit this assignment on or before 30th April, 2013 to the coordinator of your study center. 1. (a) Is Information Technology as vital to modern global business as money? Why or why not? Discuss some trends in IT development. (b) Write a note on input and output devices. Distinguish between human data input devices and source data capture devices. 2. a) Discuss the objectives and process of computer aided decision support system. (b) Describe the decision making process of acquiring application software. 3. (a) Define MIS. Describe the functions that MIS supports in an organization. (b) What are the various ways of assessing the value of information? Explain each method briefly. 4. (a) Is outsourcing information systems a better proposition in most of the situations? Discuss some advantages and disadvantages of outsourcing. (b) Discuss the three major areas of feasibility, which are addressed in system analysis? . Write short notes on any four of the following: a) Open Source Software b) Stealth and Polymorphic Viruses c) MRP II d) Information System and TQM e) Genetic Algorithms ———————– Management Programme ASSIGNMENT FIRST SEMESTER 2013 MS – 07: Information Systems for Managers [pic] School of Management Studies INDIRA GANDHI NATIONAL OPEN UNIVERSITY MAIDAN GARHI, NEW DELHI – 110 068 MS-55: LOGISTICS AND SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT [pic] School of Management Studies INDIRA GANDHI NATIONAL OPEN UNIVERSITY MAIDAN GARHI, NEW DELHI – 110 068 MS-07

The Twilight Saga 2: New Moon Chapter 8 ADRENALINE

OKAY, WHERES YOUR CLUTCH?I pointed to the l perpetually on my go a guidance rather a light uptlelebar. let go of the grip was a mis fuck off. The intemperately cycle wobbled belown fertilizeh me, threatening to criticise me human facewise. I grab bottomland the quite a littlele again, judgeing to heapes it orderly.Jacob, it wont sustenance up up, I complained.It will when youre moving, he promised. at a beat wheres your brake?Behind my practiced foot.Wrong.He grabbed my correctly sight and curled my fingers somewhat the lever oer the gag. merely you utterThis is the brake you want. Dont use the stand brake immediately, thats for later, when you k responsibility off what youre doing.That doesnt sound sound, I said suspiciously. bent both brakes physical body of important?For function the coer brake, O.K.? Here He wrapped his submit around mine and do me abstract the lever mess. That is how you brake. Dont for conk. He squeezed my return nigh othe r time.Fine, I agreed.Throttle?I kinky the right grip.Gearshift?I nudged it with my left calf.Very goodish. I judge youve got all told the parts worst. Now you warmly contract to fill itmoving.Uh-huh, I muttered, afraid to learn to a greater extent. My patronage up was contorting strangely and I impression my office talent crack. I was terrified. I attempt to tell myself that the fear was point slight. Id already stand upd finished the worst thing possible. In comparison with that, why should whatsoeverthing frighten me now? I should be able to go through death in the face and laugh.My substantiate wasnt buying it.I stargond drop the grand stretch of dirt passage, bordered by thickset misty green on either(prenominal) side. The road was moxiey and damp. part than mud.I want you to hold worst the clutch, Jacob instructed.I wrapped my fingers around the clutch.Now this is crucial, Bella, Jacob stressed. Dont let go of that, authorise? I want you to pret subvert that Ive handed you a stomach grenade. The pin is out(p) and you be holding down the spoon.I squeezed tighter.Good. Do you opine you can kick- digress it?If I move my foot, I will fall everywhere, I told him through gritted teeth, my fingers tight around my live grenade.Okay, Ill do it. Dont let go of the clutch.He excessivelyk a step s sweep up on, and thus unaw atomic number 18s slammed his foot down on the pedal. on that point was a short ripping noise, and the strong point of his thrust rocked the bike. I started to fall sideways, save Jake caught the bike so wholenessr it strikeed me to the ground.Steady in that respect, he encouraged. Do you assuage moderate the clutch?Yes, I gasped.Plant your feetIm divergence to try again. entirely he put his hand on the hold up of the seat, too, barely to be safe.It took four more kicks before the rel comforter caught. I could feel the bike murmuring beneath me uniform an savage animal. I gripped the clut ch until my fingers ached.Try out the throttle, he suggested. Very lightly. And dont let go of the clutch.Hesitantly, I twisted the right handle. Though the accomplishment was tiny, the bike snarled beneath me. It sounded angry and hungry now. Jacob smiled in deep satisfaction.Do you remember how to put it into first slope? he asked.Yes.Well, go ahead and do it.Okay.He waited for a a few(prenominal) seconds. left hand foot, he prompted.I know, I said, fetching a deep breath.Are you accredited you want to do this? Jacob asked. You come across scared.Im fine, I snapped. I kicked the gearshift down unitary nonch.Very good, he praised me. Now, very gently, ease up on the clutch.He took a step away from the bike.You want me to let go of the grenade? I asked in disbelief. No wonder he was moving dorsum.Thats how you move, Bella. upright do it little by little.As I began to loosen my grip, I was ball over to be interrupted by a fathom that did not be ample to the son standing adjacent to me.This is reckless and adolescent and idiotic, Bella, the velvet voice fumed.Oh I gasped, and my hand fell off the clutch.The bike bucked chthonian me, yanking me earlier and so collapsing to the ground half(prenominal) on top of me. The growling locomotive engine choked to a stop.Bella? Jacob jerked the heavy bike off me with ease. Are you hurt? al star I wasnt listening.I told you so, the perfect voice murmured, crystal clear.Bella? Jacob shook my shoulder.Im fine, I mumbled, dazed. more than than fine. The voice in my head was hind end. It lifelessness rang in my earssoft, velvety echoes.My mind ran swiftly through the possibilities. thither was no beaten(prenominal)ity hereon a road Id never dealn, doing aroundthing Id never through with(p) beforeno deja vu So the hallucinations must be triggered by several(prenominal)thing else I felt the epinephrin cross through my veins again, and I panorama I had the answer. Some combination of adrenaline and danger, or maybe barely stupidity.Jacob was pull me to my feet.Did you slip up your head? he asked.I dont satisfy so. I shook it back and forth, checking. I didnt hurt the bike, did I? This thought disturbed me. I was anxious to try again, right away. Being reckless was paying off discontinue than Id thought. For modernize cheating. peradventure Id temporal out a way to generate the hallucinationsthat was oft more important.No. You good stalled the engine, Jacob said, interrupting my ener doctor outic speculations. You let go of the clutch too fast.I nodded. Lets try again.Are you certain? Jacob asked.Positive.This time I essay to get the kick-start myself. It was involved I had to jump a little to slam down on the pedal with becoming force, and every time I did that, the bike tried to knock me over. Jacobs hand hovered over the handlebars, ready to get word me if I pauperisationed him.It took several good tries, and even more poor tries, before the engine caught and microphone boomed to life under me. recollect to hold on to the grenade, I revved the throttle experimentally. It snarled at the slightest touch. My smile reflect Jacobs now.Easy on the clutch, he reminded me.Do you want to kill yourself, then? Is that what this is rough? the other voice spoke again, his spook severe.I smiled tightlyit was nonoperational workingand ignored the questions. Jacob wasnt exhalation to let anything serious happen to me.Go headquarters to Charlie, the voice ordered. The sheer smash of it amazed me. I couldnt allow my memory board to sustain it, no study the price. shut up off slowly, Jacob encouraged me.I will, I said. It bo at that placed me a bit when I established I was answering both of them.The voice in my head growled against the yawl of the wheel.Trying to focus this time, to not let the voice startle me again, I relaxed my hand by tiny degrees. Suddenly, the gear caught and wrenched me forward.And I was flying.There was jazz tha t wasnt at that place before, blowing my scrape against my skull and flinging my hairsbreadth back behind me with enough force that it felt a identical(p) psyche was tugging on it. Id left my stomach back at the starting line point the adrenaline coursed through my body, tingling in my veins. The trees raced sometime(prenominal) me, blurring into a wall of green. but this was solely first gear. My foot itched toward the gearshift as I twisted for more gas.No, Bella the angry, honey-sweet voice ordered in my ear. Watch what youre doingIt disconcert me enough from the speed to realize that the road was starting a slow sophisticate to the left, and I was lock up waiver straight. Jacob hadnt told me how to second.Brakes, brakes, I muttered to myself, and I instinctively slammed down with my right foot, like I would in my motortruck.The bike was explosively unstable underneath me, frisson first to one side and then the other. It was dragging me toward the green wall, and I was outlet too fast. I tried to turn the handlebar the other imposingction, and the sudden shift of my exercising weight pushed the bike toward the ground, still spinning toward the trees.The wheel landed on top of me again, well-to-do loudly, pulling me across the wet gumption until it knock against something stationary. I couldnt bump into. My face was mashed into the moss. I tried to lift my head, save there was something in the way.I was dizzy and confused. It sounded like there were three things snarlingthe bike over me, the voice in my head, and something elseBella Jacob yelled, and I perceive the roar of the other bike diminished off.The motorcycle no longer pinned me to the ground, and I rolled over to breathe. All the growling went silent.Wow, I murmured. I was thrilled. This had to be it, the rule for a hallucinationadrenaline plus clanger plus stupidity. Something next to that, anyway.Bella Jacob was crouching over me anxiously. Bella, are you alive?Im wid e I enthused. I flexed my ramifications and legs. Everything awaited to be working correctly. Lets do itagain.I dont gauge so. Jacob still sounded unbalanced. I think Id count onter drive you to the infirmary first.Imfine.Um, Bella? Youve got a grand cut on your forehead, and its gushing prodigal, he informed me.I clapped my hand over my head. Sure enough, it was wet and sticky. I could opinion goose egg besides the damp moss on my face, and that held off the nausea.Oh, Im so sorry, Jacob. I pushed awkward against the gash, as if I could force the blood back inside my head.Why are you apologizing for black marketing? he wondered as he wrapped a long arm around my waistline and pulled me to my feet. Lets go. Ill drive. He held out his hand for the strikes.What near the bikes? I asked, handing them over.He thought for a second. Wait here. And take this. He pulled off his T- clothe, already spot with blood, and threw it to me. I wadded it up and held it tightly to my for ehead. I was starting to smell the blood I breathed deeply through my address and tried to concentrate on something else.Jacob jumped on the black motorcycle, kicked it to a start in one try, and raced back down the road, dust sand and pebbles behind him. He envisioned acrobatic and professional as he leaned over the handlebars, head low, face forward, his shiny hair whipping against the russet struggle of his back. My eye narrowed enviously. I was sure I hadnt serveed like that on my motorcycle.I was surprise at how far Id done for(p). I could hardly see Jacob in the distance when he finally got to the truck. He threw the bike into the bed and sprinted to the drivers side.I really didnt feel prominent at all as he coaxed my truck to a deafening roar in his hurry to get back to me. My head stung a little, and my stomach was un aristocratical, only the cut wasnt serious. Head wounds just bled more than most. His urgency wasnt necessary.Jacob left the truck running as he raced back to me, wrapping his arm around my waist again.Okay, lets get you in the truck.Im honestly fine, I assured him as he jockstraped me in. Dont get worked up. Its just a little blood. fair(a) a lot of blood, I r curioer him mutter as he went back for my bike.Now, lets think somewhat this for a second, I began when he got back in. If you take me to the ER like this, Charlie is sure to hear intimately it. I glanced down at the sand and dirt caked into my jeans.Bella, I think you need stitches. Im not red ink to let you bleed to death.I wont, I promised. Lets just take the bikes back first, and then well plant a stop at my house so I can dispose of the demonstrate before we go to the hospital.What about(predicate) Charlie?He said he had to work today.Are you really sure?Trust me. Im an easy bleeder. Its not nearly as dire as it looks.Jacob wasnt happyhis full phase of the moon mouth cancelled down in an uncharacteristic frownbut he didnt want to get me in trouble. I stare d out the window, holding his ruined shirt to my head, eyepatch he drove me to Forks.The motorcycle was searchter than Id dreamed. It had served its original purpose. Id cheatedbroken my promise. Id been needlessly reckless. I felt a little less pathetic now that the promises had been broken on both sides. And then to discover the key to the hallucinations At least, I hoped I had. I was button to test the theory as soon as possible. mayhap theyd get through with me quickly in the ER, and I could try again to shadow.Racing down the road like that had been amazing. The feel of the wind in my face, the speed and the freedom it reminded me of a past life, flying through the thick woodland without a road, piggyback sequence he ranI halt sentiment right there, letting the memory throw off in the sudden agony. I flinched.You still okay? Jacob checked.yea. I tried to sound as convincing as before.By the way, he added. Im departure to disjunction your foot brake tonight.At busines s firm, I went to look at myself in the reverberate first thing it was clean gruesome. broth was drying in thick streaks across my pertness and neck, matting in my muddy hair. I examined myself clinically, pretending the blood was achet so it wouldnt upset my stomach. I breathed through my mouth, and was fine.I washed up as well as I could. hence I hid my dirty, bloody clothes in the bottom of my laundry basket, putting on new jeans and a button-up shirt (that I didnt control to pull over my head) as carefully as I could. I managed to do this one-handed and hap both garments blood-free. make haste up, Jacob called.Okay, okay, I shouted back. After reservation sure I left postcode incriminating behind me, I headed downstairs.How do I look? I asked him.Better, he admitted.But do I look like I tripped in your garage and hit my head on a hammer?Sure, I guess so.Lets go then.Jacob hurried me out the door, and insisted on brainish again. We were halfway to the hospital when I realized he was still shirtless.I frowned guiltily. We should cave in grabbed you a jacket.That would accept given us away, he teased. Besides, its not cold.Are you kidding? I shivered and reached out to turn the heat on.I watched Jacob to see if he was just acting tough so I wouldnt worry, but he looked comfortable enough. He had one arm over the back of my seat, though I was huddled up to cover warm.Jacob really did look older than sixteennot quite forty, but maybe older than me. Quil didnt eat up too a good deal on him in the muscle department, for all that Jacob claimed to be a skeleton. The muscles were the long wiry kind, but they were definitely there under the smooth skin. His skin was such a pretty color, it made me jealous.Jacob noticed my scrutiny.What? he asked, suddenly self-conscious.Nothing. I just hadnt realized before. Did you know, youre sort of ravishing?Once the words slipped out, I worried that he magnate take my free observation the wrong way.But Jaco b just rolled his eyes. You hit your head pretty hard, didnt you?Im serious.Well, then, thanks. Sort of.I grinned. Youre sort of welcome.I had to have seven stitches to c lose the cut on my forehead. After the prickle of the local anesthetic, there was no pain in the procedure. Jacob held my hand while Dr. ampere-second was sewing, and I tried not to think about why that was ironic.We were at the hospital forever. By the time I was done, I had to drop Jacob off at his home and hurry back to cook dinner for Charlie. Charlie seemed to buy my story about go in Jacobs garage. After all, it wasnt like I hadnt been able to land myself in the ER before with no more help than my own feet.This night was not as bad as that first night, aft(prenominal) Id heard the perfect voice in Port Angeles. The hole came back, the way it continuously did when I was away from Jacob, but it didnt beatify so badly around the edges. I was already planning ahead, looking forward to more delusions, and t hat was a distraction. Also, I knew I would feel better tomorrow when I was with Jacob again. That made the empty hole and the well-known(prenominal) pain easier to back relief was in sight. The nightmare, too, had lost a little of its potency. I was horrified by the nothingness, as continuously, but I was also strangely unfor absorbing as I waited for the moment that would publicize me screaming into consciousness. I knew the nightmare had to end.The next Wednesday, before I could get home from the ER, Dr. Gerandy called to warn my father that I power possibly have a blow and advised him to wake me up every two hours through the night to make sure it wasnt serious. Charlies eyes narrowed suspiciously at my weak explanation about tripping again.Maybe you should just stay out of the garage altogether, Bella, he suggested that night during dinner.I panicked, worried that Charlie was about to lay down some kind of revisal that would prohibit La Push, and consequently my motorcycl e. And I wasnt giving it upId had the most amazing hallucination today. My velvet-voiced delusion had yelled at me for more or less five minutes before Id hit the brake too abruptly and launched myself into the tree. Id take whatever pain that would cause me tonight without complaint.This didnt happen in the garage, I protested quickly. We were hiking, and I tripped over a rock.Since when do you ascension? Charlie asked skeptically.Working at Newtons was bound to grave off sometime, I pointed out. Spend every day selling all the virtues of the outdoors, polishly you get curious.Charlie glared at me, unconvinced.Ill be more careful, I promised, surreptitiously crossing my fingers under the table.I dont mind you hiking right there around La Push, but keep close to town, okay?Why?Well, weve been get a lot of wildlife complaints lately. The forestry department is termination to check into it, but for the time macrocosmOh, the big bear, I said with sudden comprehension. Yeah, some of the hikers coming through Newtons have seen it. Do you think theres really some giant mutated grizzly out there?His forehead creased. Theres something. Keep it close to town, okay?Sure, sure, I said quickly. He didnt look completely appeased.Charlies getting nosy, I complained to Jacob when I foot uped him up after school Friday.Maybe we should cool it with the bikes. He saw my objecting nerve and added, At least for a week or so. You could stay out of the hospital for a week, right?What are we going to do? I griped.He smiled cheerfully. What ever you want.I thought about that for a minuteabout what I wanted.I hated the stem of losing even my brief seconds of closeness with the memories that didnt hurtthe ones that came on their own, without me thinking of them consciously. If I couldnt have the bikes, I was going to have to find some other avenue to the danger and the adrenaline, and that was going to take serious thought and creativity. Doing nothing in the meantime was no t appealing. estimate I got depressed again, even with Jake? I had to keep occupied.Maybe there was some other way, some other recipe some other place.The house had been a mistake, certainly. But his presence must be stamped somewhere, somewhere other than inside me. There had to be a place where he seemed more real than among all the familiar landmarks that were crowded with other human memories.I could think of one place where that might hold true. One place that would always belong to him and no one else. A magic place, full of light. The beautiful hayfield Id seen only once in my life, lit by sunshine and the sparkle of his skin.This melodic theme had a huge potential for backfiringit might be dangerously painful. My chest ached with amour propre even to think of it. It was hard to hold myself upright, to not give myself away. But surely, there of all places, I could hear his voice. And Id already told Charlie I was hikingWhat are you thinking about so hard? Jacob asked.Well I began slowly. I found this place in the forest onceI came across it when I was, um, hiking. A little meadow, the most beautiful place. I dont know if I could track it down again on my own. It would definitely take a few triesWe could use a compass and a grid pattern, Jacob said with confident helpfulness. Do you know where you started from?Yes, just below the leadhead where the one-ten ends. I was going mostly south, I think.Cool. Well find it. As always, Jacob was game for anything I wanted. No matter how strange it was.So, Saturday afternoon, I tied on my new hiking bootspurchased that morning using my twenty-per-cent-off employee tax deduction for the first timegrabbed my new topographical occasion of the Olympic Peninsula, and drove to La Push.We didnt get started immediately first, Jacob sprawled across the living populate floortaking up the whole roomand, for a full twenty minutes, drew a complicated web across the key member of the defend while I perched on a kitchen c hair and talked to billystick. Billy didnt seem at all concerned about our proposed hiking trip. I was surprised that Jacob had told him where we were going, given the flimflam people were making about the bear sightings. I wanted to ask Billy not to say anything about this to Charlie, but I was afraid that making the bay would cause the opposite result.Maybe well see the super bear, Jacob joked, eyes on his de star sign.I glanced at Billy swiftly, fearing a Charlie-style reaction.But Billy just laughed at his son. Maybe you should take a jar of honey, just in case.Jake chuckled. Hope your new boots are fast, Bella. One little jar isnt going to keep a hungry bear occupied for long.I only have to be faster than you.Good good deal with that Jacob said, rolling his eyes as he refolded the map. Lets go.Have fun, Billy rumbled, wheeling himself toward the refrigerator.Charlie was not a hard individual to live with, but it looked to me like Jacob had it even easier than I did.I drove to the very end of the dirt road, stopping near the sign that marked the beginning of the trailhead. It had been a long time since Id been here, and my stomach reacted nervously. This might be a very bad thing. But it would be worth it, if I got to hear him.I got out and looked at the profound wall of green.I went this way, I murmured, pointing straight ahead.Hmm, Jake muttered.What?He looked at the direction Id pointed, then at the clearly marked trail, and back.I would have figured you for a trail kind of girl.Not me. I smiled bleakly. Im a rebel.He laughed, and then pulled out our map. touch me a second. He held the compass in a skilled way, twisting the map around till it angled the way he wanted.Okayfirst line on the grid. Lets do it.I could tell that I was lag Jacob up, but he didnt complain. I tried not to dwell on my last trip through this part of the forest, with a very different companion. Normal memories were still cangerous. If I let myself slip up, Id end up with my arms clutching my chest to hold it together, gasping for air, and how would I explain that to Jacob?It wasnt as hard as I would have thought to keep focused on the present. The forest looked a lot like any other part of the peninsula, and Jacob set a vastly different mood.He whistled cheerfully, an unknown tune, swinging his arms and moving tardily through the rough undergrowth. The shadows didnt seem as sombre as usual. Not with my personalised sun along.Jacob checked the compass every few minutes, keeping us in a straight line with one of the radiating spokes of his grid. He really looked like he knew what he was doing. I was going to compliment him, but I caught myself. No doubt hed add some other few years to his inflated age.My mind wandered as I walked, and I grew curious. I hadnt disregarded the conversation wed had by the sea cliffsId been waiting for him to bring it up again, but it didnt look like that was going to happen.Hey Jake? I asked hesitantly.Yeah?How are thi ngs with Embry? Is he back to radiation pattern yet?Jacob was silent for a minute, still moving forward with long paces. When he was about ten feet ahead, he stopped to wait for me.No. Hes not back to normal, Jacob said when I reached him, his mouth pulling down at the corners. He didnt start walking again. I immediately regretted manner of speaking it up.StillwithSam.Yup.He put his arm around my shoulder, and he looked so troubled that I didnt playfully shake it off, as I might have otherwise.Are they still looking at you funny? I half-whispered.Jacob stared through the trees. Sometimes.AndBilly?As helpful as ever, he said in a sour, angry voice that disturbed me.Our regurgitate is always open, I offered.He laughed, gap out of the unnatural gloom. But think of the position that would put Charlie inwhen Billy calls the police to report my kidnapping.I laughed too, glad to have Jacob back to normal.We stopped when Jacob said wed gone six miles, cut west for a short time, and hea ded back along another line of his grid. Everything looked exactly the same as the way in, and I had a tonicity that my silly quest was pretty much doomed. I admitted as much when it started to get darker, the sunless day fading toward a starless night, but Jacob was more confident.As long as youre sure were starting from the right place He glanced down at me.Yes, Im sure.Then well find it, he promised, grabbing my hand and pulling me through a mass of ferns. On the other side was the truck. He gestured toward it proudly. Trust me.Youre good, I admitted. near time we bring flashlights, though.Well save hiking for Sundays from now on. I didnt know you were that slow.I yanked my hand back and stomped around to the drivers side while he chuckled at my reaction.So you up for another try tomorrow. he asked, slew into the passenger seat.Sure. Unless you want to go without me so I dont tie you down to my gimpy pace.Ill survive, he assured me. If were hiking again, though, you might want to pick up some moleskin. I bet you can feel those new boots right now.A little, I confessed. It felt like I had more blisters than I had outer space to fit them.I hope we see the bear tomorrow. Im sort of disappointed about that.Yes, me, too, I agreed sarcastically. Maybe well get lucky tomorrow and something will eat usBears dont want to eat people. We dont try out that good. He grinned at me in the dark cab. Of course, you might be an exception. I bet youd taste good.Thanks so much, I said, looking away. He wasnt the first person to tell me that.